relationships within the ecosystems

 ecosystems are made of various relationships between living organisms and their environment

commensalism

Commensalism is a symbiotic interaction between distinct kinds of organisms in which one (the commensal organism) benefits while the other remains unaffected and neither benefits nor harms.

example-Commensalism may be seen in the symbiotic interaction between tiny birds and huge grazing animals. Small birds perch on the backs of huge animals that graze in grassy pastures. The action of the huge herbivores stirs up insects from the grass, which the little birds subsequently eat. Birds gain, whilst herbivores neither benefit nor are harmed.

parasitism

- Parasitism is a symbiotic connection in which one organism benefits while the other suffers. There are several types of parasitic partnerships, including obligatory, facultative, epiparasitism, ectoparasitism, and more.

example- fungi attaches to the roots of plants and takes the nutrients from them harming the plant in the process.

competition 

Competition will arise between species in an environment when their niches overlap, they both want to exploit the same resource, and the resource is in limited supply.

example - sharks dolphins and seabirds all eat the same type of fish so they are all in competition with one another for that type of fish.

mutualism

Mutualism is the biological interaction between two or more species in which each species gains a net advantage.

example- Oxpeckers settle on rhinos and zebras to consume ticks and other parasites on their skin. The oxpeckers get food, while the creatures get control of pests. Also, when there is danger, the oxpeckers fly up and shout a warning, which aids the symbiont.

predation

Predation occurs when a member of one species (the predator) consumes a portion or the entire body of another creature (the prey).

example - house cat killing mice birds and other small animals